![]() ![]() The clinical and epidemiologic features of disease caused by V cholerae O139 are indistinguishable from those of disease caused by O1 strains both serogroups cause clinical disease by producing an enterotoxin that promotes the secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the lumen of the small intestine.Currently, the El Tor biotype of V cholerae O1 is the predominant cholera pathogen organisms in both the classical and the El Tor biotypes are subdivided into serotypes according to the structure of the O antigen.Cholera can be endemic, epidemic, or pandemic.Ĭholera, caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, is a comma-shaped, gram-negative aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacillus that varies in size from 1-3 µm in length by 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter.The hallmark of the disease is profuse secretory diarrhea.Although not the first description, the discovery of the cholera organism is credited to German bacteriologist Robert Koch, who independently identified V cholerae in 1883 during an outbreak in Egypt the genus name refers to the fact that the organism appears to vibrate when moving.Records from Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) and the Indian peninsula describe an illness that might have been cholera. ![]() Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. ![]()
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